Peru: Facts & Stats

Demographics

Population:

29 million inhabitants (2009) Density: 22 inhabitants per sq. km Peru has over 20 urban areas with over 100,000 inhabitants.

The five largest are:

1. Lima 7,870,000
2. Arequipa 904 000
3. Trujillo 820,000
4. Chiclayo 634,000
5. Huancayo 430,659

Welfare:

A modern system of social security (referred to as SNP) has evolved from initial legislation provided in the 1933 constitution. Coverage and benefits were substantially broadened after the 1968 coup. Workers were entitled to receive benefits covering disability, medical attention, hospitalization, maternity, old age, retirement, and widows and orphans. In 1991, the government introduced a new system of individualized capitalization through private pensions (SPP), which exists along side the national social security system.

The original program is administered by the Ministry of Labor, while the private system is supervised by the Superintendency of Pension Fund Administrators. Social insurance is compulsory for all employees up to the age of 60. The national social security and pension funds (SNP) are endowed by 13% of employee earnings, with the balance of funds supplied by the government. The private system is funded entirely by contributions from employees amounting to 10% of earnings. Sickness and maternity benefits are funded by 9% of employer payroll, with a special credit for employers who use the newer private system. Workers are entitled to treatment from public hospitals or partial refund of expenses in private facilities. Working mothers are entitled to maternity leave of 90 days at 100% pay.

Women are often kept from leadership roles in the public and private sectors by the force of tradition, although they are equal under the constitution. A government-supported program to provide credit to female entrepreneurs encourages women to pursue ventures. Racial and sexual discrimination are specifically prohibited by law in hiring, but in practice it continues to occur. Domestic abuse and violence against women is a widespread problem which is exacerbated by insensitivity on the part of authorities, although there are some special police stations staffed by women to assist female victims of violence. There were also reports of children being drafted into the army.

Human rights violations have been committed by the government, Shining Path terrorists, and the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement. There are restrictions on freedom of speech and of the press. Prison conditions are poor, and the physical abuse of prisoners is common. The native population of the Amazon region continues to suffer discrimination.

Education:

Education in Peru is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education, which is in charge of formulating, implementing and supervising the national educational policy. According to the Constitution, education is compulsory and free in public schools for the initial, primary and secondary levels. It is also free in public universities for students who are unable to pay tuition and have an adequate academic performance. As of 2008, various institutions such as UNESCO, World Bank, and the Inter-American Development Bank have stated that Peru has the best education system in Latin America and that primary, secondary, and superior education attendance rates were the highest in Latin America.

Religion:

According to the 1993 Census, 89% of the Peruvian population over 12 years old declared themselves as Catholics, 6.7% as Evangelicals, 2.6% as of other denominations, 1.4% as non-religious and 0.2% did not specify any affiliation.

Most Peruvians are Catholics, although only two-thirds participate in the liturgy and services. The main authorities of this church are in Lima, Arequipa, Trujillo and Cusco. The most important celebration is in honour of the Lord of Miracles. There are also October festivities in Lima.

There are currently 769,980 Seventh Day Adventist members in Peru split into 2 conferences, according to the church website. This would represent 2.6% of the current population.

Mormon missionaries first arrived in Peru in 1956. In 1981, the Lima Peru Temple was dedicated. The church has seen rapid growth in Peru. In 2008 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints claimed more than 460,000 members in Peru.

The statistics for Islam in Peru estimate a total Muslim population of 1000, representing 0.002 percent of the population. The religion came to Peru by Middle Eastern settlers: Arabs and Iranians. There are a handful of Islamic organizations in Peru. The first mosque in Peru was constructed in Tacna.

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